Bash find

exclude

-path works exactly like -name, but applies the pattern to the entire pathname of the file being examined, instead of to the last component.

-prune forbids descending below the found file, in case it was a directory.

Putting it all together, the command

find $HOME -path $HOME/$dir_name -prune -o -name "*$file_suffix" -exec cp {} $HOME/$dir_name/ \;

1. Starts looking for files in $HOME.
2. If it finds a file matching $HOME/$dir_name it won’t go below it (“prunes” the subdirectory).
3. Otherwise (-o) if it finds a file matching *$file_suffix copies it into $HOME/$dir_name/.

The idea seems to be make a backup of some of the contents of $HOME in a subdirectory of $HOME. The parts with -prune is obviously necessary in order to avoid making backups of backups…

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/376075/explain-finds-path-and-prune-options